[47], Following the end of the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula in 1492, Muslims were persecuted by the Catholic Monarchs and forced to convert to Christianity or face expulsion. The remembrance of Allah (SWT) is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. The Muslim World 104.1–2 (2014): 89–108. Ibrahim quoted: "Taqiyya is of fundamental importance in Islam. [60], precautionary dissimulation or denial of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution, For the cap worn for religious purposes, see, Contemporary debate and conspiracy theories. Now, you will be able to understand meaning and benefit of every ayat as you read Quran. "Taḳiyya", Vol. [6] While the terms taqiyya and kitmān may be used synonymously, kitmān refers specifically to the concealment of one's convictions by silence or omission. [17] In the sense of "prudence, fear" it can be used synonymously with the terms tuqa(n), tuqāt, taqwā and ittiqāʾ, derived from the same root. [18], A related term is kitmān – the "action of covering, dissimulation". If threatened, it would be preferable for a Muslim to migrate to a more peaceful place where a person may practice their faith openly, "since God's earth is wide. [1][3][4][5], A related term is Kitmān (lit. "[9] In Hadith, in the Sunni commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, known as the Fath al-Bari, it is stated that:[44], أجمعوا على أن من أكره على الكفر واختار القتل أنه أعظم أجرا عند الله ممن اختار الرخصة ، وأما غير الكفر فإن أكره على أكل الخنزير وشرب الخمر مثلا فالفعل أولى. 1. Some of the traditions from the Imams make taqiyya a central element of Shiism: "He who has no taqiyya has no faith"; "he who forsakes taqiyya is like him who forsakes prayer"; "taqiyya is the believers shield, but for taqiyya, God would not have been worshipped". [7], The doctrine of taqiyya was developed at the time of Ja'far al-Sadiq (d. 148 AH/765 AD), the sixth Imamiya Imam. Among the earliest converts to Islam were Yasir; his wife, Sumayya; and their son, Ammar. The name ‘Gupta’ in Sanskrit, means secret or hidden, which perfectly embodies the concealment of their faith and true identity.[10]. Taqiyya is done for reasons of safety. [59] Similar views are shown by Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen from the University of Copenhagen. "[52] Ibrahim presented his own translation[53] of part of Lebanese Druze scholar Sami Makarem's monograph Al Taqiyya Fi Al Islam ("Dissimulation in Islam"). [29][30], Religious rulings of the Shia Imams were also influenced by taqiyya. We talk to the compassionate Greek locals who work closely with Dr Siyana Mahroof-Shaffi to provide support for refugees on the Greek island of Lesvos. [13][14], Yarden Mariuma, sociologist at Columbia University, writes: "Taqiyya is an Islamic juridical term whose shifting meaning relates to when a Muslim is allowed, under Sharia law, to lie. Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed, Brill. During satr the Imam could only be accessed by his community and in extremely dangerous circumstances, would be accessible only to the highest-ranking members of the Ismaili hierarchy (ḥudūd), whose function it was to transmit the teachings of the Imam to the community. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly." 3. [8] Taqiyya has also been politically legitimised, particularly among Twelver Shias, in order to maintain unity among Muslims and fraternity among the Shia clerics. Later on, these two groups came to be known as Shia and Sunni. [10], Taqiyya was initially practiced under duress by some of Muhammad's Companions. Join Ayesha and her special guest for an informal chat over a cup of coffee. R. STROTHMANN, MOKTAR DJEBLI. AMMAR ELHAMDO AMMAR ELHAMDO. [40] Alawites celebrate Islamic festivals but consider the most important one to be Eid al-Ghadir. For example, a person may fear that he might be killed or harmed if he does not observe taqiyya. Shi'is lived mostly as a minority among a frequently-hostile Sunni majority until the rise of Safavid dynasty. "[15], The term taqiyya (Arabic: تقیة‎ taqiyyah/taqīyah) is derived from the Arabic triliteral root wāw-qāf-yā, literally denoting "caution, fear",[1] "prudence, guarding against (a danger)",[16] "carefulness, wariness". He notes the "claim rests on a misreading of the concept of taqiyya, by which believers may conceal their faith if under threat of violence. They were the first family all members of which accepted Islam simultaneously, thus making up the First Muslim Family. Shı’a Imam Ja’far al-S.adiq is reputed to have said, “Our teaching is the truth, the truth of the truth; it is the exoteric and the esoteric, and the esoteric of the esoteric; it is the secret and the secret of a secret, a protected secret, hidden by a secret.” [10], According to Shia scholar Muhammad Husain Javari Sabinal, Shiism would not have spread at all if not for taqiyya, referring to instances where Shia have been ruthlessly persecuted by the Sunni political elite during the Umayyad and Abbasid empires. [43] Additionally, denying one's faith under duress is "only at most permitted and not under all circumstances obligatory". In 2008 Raymond Ibrahim published in Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst an article titled "Islam's doctrines of deception. It served to protect Shias when Al-Mansur, the Abbasid caliph, conducted a brutal and oppressive campaign against Alids and their supporters. Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti in his book, „al-Ashbah Wa al-Naza’ir" affirms that: It is acceptable (for a Muslim) to eat the meat of a dead animal at a time of great hunger (starvation to the extent that the stomach is devoid of all food); and to loosen a bite of food (for fear of choking to death) by alcohol; and to utter words of unbelief; and if one is living in an environment where evil and corruption are the pervasive norm, and permissible things (Halal) are the exception and a rarity, then one can utilize whatever is available to fulfill his needs. [27] Some Shias, though, advance taqiyya as a form of jihad, a sort of fighting against their adversaries. His success in these ten years had been rather modest, limited as it was to the conversion of fewer than 170 men and women in Makkah. More than ten years had passed since Muhammad, may God bless him and his Ahlul-Bait, had first begun to preach Islam. Our presenters go up and down the country, seeking out the best events. "Taqiyya as Polemic, Law and Knowledge: Following an Islamic Legal Term through the Worlds of Islamic Scholars, Ethnographers, Polemicists and Military Men." ...for Lives of Refugees. Episode 8: Series Review. Al-Ghazali wrote in his „The Revival of the Religious Sciences”: Safeguarding of a Muslim’s life is a mandatory obligation that should be observed; and that lying is permissible when the shedding of a Muslim’s blood is at stake. [21], The two words tattaqū ("you fear") and tuqāt "in fear" are derived from the same root as taqiya, and use of the abstract noun taqiya in reference to the general principle described in this passage is first recorded in a Qur'anic gloss by Al-Bukhari (9th century). ", When Mamun became caliph (813 AD), he tried to impose his religious views on the status of the Qur'an over all his subjects, in an ordeal called the mihna, or "inquisition". [11] Later, it became particularly important for Shias due to their experience as a persecuted religious minority. In Islam, Taqiya or Taqiyya (Arabic: تقیة ‎ taqiyyah, literally "prudence, fear") is a precautionary dissimulation or denial of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution.. A related term is Kitmān (lit. In addition to the simplicity of Ibn Sa'di's writing, it is also articulate and eloquent. R. Strothmann-[Moktar Djebli]. [6][7], This practice is emphasized in Shia Islam whereby adherents are permitted to conceal their religion when under threat of persecution or compulsion. Part 3/3. Quote: "TAKIYYA "prudence, fear" [...] denotes dispensing with the ordinances of religion in cases of constraint and when there is a possibility of harm.". 'Abd al‑Latif al‑Yunis, Mudhakkirat al‑Duktur 'Abd al‑Latif al‑Yunis, Damascus: Dar al‑'Ilm, 1992, p. 63. Join us as we walk back through the schools we've visited and pick our highlights of the series. In Shia legal literature, there is a range of situations in which taqiyya may be used or even required. Nohay Syed Tamjeed Hyder Nohay 1440 - 2018 Syed Tamjeed Haider (Banglore) Views 8,522 Added: Thu 13, Sept 2018: bang;ore [28], Others relate it to the esoteric nature of early Shia Islam. Follow six youths from different places and backgrounds as they live their spiritual journey. A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions. We can go so far as to say that the practice of taqiyya is mainstream in Islam, and that those few sects not practicing it diverge from the mainstream ... Taqiyya is very prevalent in Islamic politics, especially in the modern era. Sheikh Musa brings his exceptional skills to teach you the rules of Tajweed for the recitation of the glorious Quran. Alawites beliefs have never been confirmed by their modern religious authorities. If you enable MFA for the user, you cannot log in with username/Password! [8][12] According to Shia doctrine, taqiyya is permissible in situations where there is overwhelming danger of loss of life or property and where no danger to religion would occur thereby. The region where people lives are influencing the naming culture as well. [41], The basic principle of taqiyya is agreed upon by scholars, though they tend to restrict it to dealing with non-Muslims and when under compulsion (ikrāh), while Shia jurists also allow it in interactions with Muslims and in all necessary matters (ḍarūriyāt).

Bobby Darin, Son, Colonel Terry Childers Photos, Philza Minecraft Skin, Bombay Chutney Andhra Style, Fuli And Azad, Legacy Of Clean Prewash Spray, Garth Bbq Review,